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One whole grapefruit, or a small glass (200 mL, 6.8 US fl oz) of grapefruit juice, can cause drug overdose toxicity. [1] Fruit consumed three days before the medicine can still have an effect. [ 5 ] The relative risks of different types of citrus fruit have not been systematically studied. [ 1 ]
In pharmaceutical sciences, drug interactions occur when a drug's mechanism of action is affected by the concomitant administration of substances such as foods, beverages, or other drugs. A popular example of drug–food interaction is the effect of grapefruit on the metabolism of drugs.
Aliskiren is a minor inhibitor of substrate CYP3A4 and, more importantly, P-glycoprotein: It reduces furosemide blood concentration. Atorvastatin may increase aliskiren's blood concentration, but no dose adjustment is needed. Due to possible interaction with ciclosporin, the use of ciclosporin and aliskiren at the same time is contraindicated.
Still, says Peterson, "most people won't have issues unless they eat large quantities of grapefruit, drink more than one liter per day of grapefruit juice, or consistently eat or drink grapefruit.
Grapefruit and grapefruit juice have been found to interact with numerous drugs, in many cases resulting in adverse effects. [4] This happens in two ways: one is that grapefruit can block an enzyme which metabolizes medication, [5] and if the drug is not metabolized, then the level of the drug in the blood can become too high, leading to an adverse effect. [5]
Best way to eat grapefruit The dietitians recommend eating grapefruit as is, without sprinkling any sugar or salt on it. Eat the whole fresh fruit rather than juicing it to get the fiber and full ...
The typical concentration of naringin in grapefruit juice is around 400 mg/L. [4] The reported LD50 of naringin in rodents in 2000 mg/kg. [ 5 ] Naringin inhibits some drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes , including CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 , which may result in drug-drug interactions. [ 6 ]
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