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Venera 4 (Russian: Венера-4, lit. 'Venus-4'), also designated 4V-1 No.310, was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus.The probe comprised a lander, designed to enter the Venusian atmosphere and parachute to the surface, and a carrier/flyby spacecraft, which carried the lander to Venus and served as a communications relay for it.
Full-scale model of the Venera 1 in the Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics. The first Soviet attempt at a flyby probe to Venus was launched on 4 February 1961, but failed to leave Earth orbit.
Route of Venera 1 on a Soviet stamp. Venera 1 was the second of two attempts to launch a probe to Venus in February 1961, immediately following the launch of its sister ship Venera-1VA No.1, [2] which failed to leave Earth orbit due to the failure of a power transformer. The transformer was wrapped in foil and painted black and white for ...
Proton-K/D-1: Venera 12 (4V-1 No.361) 14 September 1978: Lavochkin Soviet Union: Flyby/Lander Mostly successful: Lander landed at 03:20 UTC on 21 December 1978. Both cameras on lander failed Proton-K/D-1: Pioneer Venus 1 (PV Orbiter) 20 May 1978: NASA United States: Orbiter Successful Entered orbit on 4 December 1978, decayed on 22 October 1992
Capsule of Venera-4 in Memorial Museum of Astronautics. The descent capsule of Venera 4 entered the atmosphere of Venus on October 18, 1967, making it the first probe to return direct measurements from another planet's atmosphere. The capsule measured temperature, pressure, density and performed 11 automatic chemical experiments to analyze the ...
Venera 3: USSR: 1 March 1966: Probably around -20° to 20° N, 60° to 80° E: First impact on the surface of another planet. Contact lost before atmospheric entry. Venera 4: USSR: 23 October 1967: Estimated near 1] Crushed by atmospheric pressure before impact. Venera 5: USSR: 16 May 1969
Mariner 5 (Mariner V or Mariner Venus 1967) was a spacecraft of the Mariner program that carried a complement of experiments to probe Venus' atmosphere by radio occultation, measure the hydrogen Lyman-alpha (hard ultraviolet) spectrum, and sample the solar particles and magnetic field fluctuations above the planet. Its goals were to measure ...
Venus's equator rotates at 6.52 km/h (4.05 mph), whereas Earth's rotates at 1,674.4 km/h (1,040.4 mph). [ note 2 ] [ 153 ] Venus's rotation period measured with Magellan spacecraft data over a 500-day period is smaller than the rotation period measured during the 16-year period between the Magellan spacecraft and Venus Express visits, with a ...