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The style and formatting of academic works, described within the manual, is commonly referred to as "Turabian style" or "Chicago style" (being based on that of The Chicago Manual of Style). The ninth edition of the manual, published in 2018, corresponds with the 17th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style.
This template is a "shorthand" template for creating a properly formatted reference citation to The Chicago Manual of Style 16th Ed. (current as of February 2012, without having to specify all the parameters of {}. The CMoS most often cited in articles on grammar and style, and in Wikipedia's own WP:Manual of Style.
In cases where citations are lacking, the template {} can be added after the statement in question. The following table shows examples of these ways of citing sources, categorized as "the good, the bad and the ugly".
adding citation templates to an article that already uses a consistent system without templates, or removing citation templates from an article that uses them consistently; changing where the references are defined, e.g., moving reference definitions in the reflist to the prose, or moving reference definitions from the prose into the reflist.
The easiest way to start citing on Wikipedia is to see a basic example. The example here will show you how to cite a newspaper article using the {} template (see Citation quick reference for other types of citations). Copy and paste the following immediately after what you want to reference:
A bibliographic citation is a reference to a book, article, web page, or other published item. Citations should supply sufficient detail to identify the item uniquely. [8] Different citation systems and styles are used in scientific citation, legal citation, prior art, the arts, and the humanities. Regarding the use of citations in the ...
The Chicago Manual of Style (abbreviated as CMOS, TCM, or CMS, or sometimes as Chicago [1]) is a style guide for American English published since 1906 by the University of Chicago Press. Its 18 editions (the most recent in 2024) have prescribed writing and citation styles widely used in publishing.
date: Full date of publication, in same format as main text of article. Or, use year. If you also have the day, use date instead. (optional) archive-url: URL of the archive location of the item, and archive-date: Date when the item was archived, in same format as main text of the article.