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Lawrence Kohlberg (/ ˈ k oʊ l b ɜːr ɡ /; October 25, 1927 – January 17, 1987) was an American psychologist best known for his theory of stages of moral development.. He served as a professor in the Psychology Department at the University of Chicago and at the Graduate School of Education at Harvard University.
Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development constitute an adaptation of a psychological theory originally conceived by the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget. Kohlberg began work on this topic as a psychology graduate student at the University of Chicago in 1958 and expanded upon the theory throughout his life.
Lawrence Kohlberg studied moral reasoning and developed a theory of how individuals reason situations as right from wrong. The first stage is the pre-conventional stage, where a person (typically children) experience the world in terms of pain and pleasure, with their moral decisions solely reflecting this experience.
Moral affect is “emotion related to matters of right and wrong”. Such emotion includes shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride; shame is correlated with the disapproval by one's peers, guilt is correlated with the disapproval of oneself, embarrassment is feeling disgraced while in the public eye, and pride is a feeling generally brought about by a positive opinion of oneself when admired by ...
The theory of moral satisficing applies the study of ecological rationality to moral behavior. [69] [70] In this view, much of moral behavior is based on social heuristics rather than traits, virtues, or utilitarian calculations. Social heuristics are a form of satisficing, a term coined by Nobel laureate Herbert Simon. [71]
Lawrence Kohlberg (b.1927) in his stages of moral development described how individuals developed moral reasoning. [13] Kohlberg agreed with Piaget's theory of moral development that moral understanding is linked to cognitive development.
One well-known version of the dilemma, used in Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development, is stated as follows: [1] A woman was on her deathbed. There was one drug that the doctors said would save her. It was a form of radium that a druggist in the same town had recently discovered.
This model diverges from earlier rationalist theories of morality, such as of Lawrence Kohlberg's stage theory of moral reasoning. [4] Inspired in part by work on motivated reasoning , automaticity , and Antonio Damasio's somatic marker hypothesis , Jonathan Haidt's (2001) social intuitionist model [ 1 ] de-emphasized the role of reasoning in ...