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There were several factors while the Australian Aborigines were behind other areas of the world. 1. Australia lacked a lot of plants suitable for agriculture, and the relative isolation of Australia made it difficult for agriculture to spread there. 2. Likewise, Australia lacked a lot of animals suitable domestication.
Probably. The Aborigines remainign are left are on the bleakest lands of Australian. The Aborigines living in the more lush lands likely were more advanced, but they were early eliminated. There were several factors while the Australian Aborigines were behind other areas of the world. Bart Dale said: 1.
Did white settlers in Australia have battles/conflicts with aborigines in the same way that there were battles between white settlers and natives in the Americas?
And since that last one percent of the story happens to be the period when civilization appeared and progress became more and more rapid in the other continents, the progress of the Australian Aborigines seems abnormally slow, when actually it was the usual and normal rate of progress over the last few million years.
There's plenty of evidence that the Aborigines used fire to manipulate the environment -- to encourage growth of some desired plants and to manage wildlife (something, by the way, also practiced by Plains Indians).
Well, Australian aborigines are thought to have been around between 40-60,00 years. I'm unable to think of any other society approaching that time. There is a large list of things Australian aborigines invented and developed, as needed, ranging from the woomera/spear thrower to fish traps, woven baskets and grinding stones.
Convergent evolution is a fact of life. I would be extremely surprised if the ancestors of Australian Aborigines - who got themselves separated from the rest of humanity somewhere in Asia around 40.000 kya - didn't develop their own phenotype in situ by interacting in a very constrained and isolated environment.
I said Dravidians were mostly Caucasoid with significant Australoid admixture. I am going by the same physical anthropologists that your favorite poster has quoted. By "Australoids" one means Austro-Asiatic cluster; it seems you are conflating Australian Aborigines with Australoids. Bear in mind Sforza's data is more than 20 years old.
Actually East Asians (also Melanesians and Australian Aborigines) have both Neanderthal and Denisovan admixture, while Europeans and other West Eurasians have only Neanderthal admixture. What is more funny is that Melanesians, Australian Aborigines and East Asians have slightly more Neanderthal DNA than West Eurasians.
The oldest extant culture is that of Australian aborigines, of somewhere between 30, 000 to 60, 000 years. I think the line between culture and civilisation can be blurred, as I think it is in this case. Australian aborigines had language, law, art and a sophisticated mythology and spiritual beliefs, called "The Dream Time".