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The pancreas is a large organ behind the stomach that produces digestive enzymes and a number of hormones. [1] There are two main types: acute pancreatitis, and chronic pancreatitis. [1] Signs and symptoms of pancreatitis include pain in the upper abdomen, nausea and vomiting. [1] The pain often goes into the back and is usually severe. [1]
Complications from delayed surgery include pancreatitis, empyema, and perforation of the gallbladder, cholecystitis, cholangitis, and obstructive jaundice. [13] Biliary pain in the absence of gallstones, known as postcholecystectomy syndrome, may severely affect the patient's quality of life, even in the absence of disease progression. [14]
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas. Causes, in order of frequency, include: a gallstone impacted in the common bile duct beyond the point where the pancreatic duct joins it; heavy alcohol use; systemic disease; trauma; and, in children, mumps. Acute pancreatitis may be a single event; it may be recurrent; or it may ...
Generally good with treatment [ 4 ] Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder. [ 8 ] Symptoms include right upper abdominal pain, pain in the right shoulder, nausea, vomiting, and occasionally fever. [ 1 ] Often gallbladder attacks (biliary colic) precede acute cholecystitis. [ 1 ] The pain lasts longer in cholecystitis than in a typical ...
The most common pancreatic disease is pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas which could come in acute or chronic form. Other pancreatic diseases include diabetes mellitus, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, cystic fibrosis, pseudocysts, cysts, congenital malformations, tumors including pancreatic cancer, and hemosuccus pancreaticus.
It tends to occur if the bile duct is already partially obstructed by gallstones. [1] [2] Cholangitis can be life-threatening, and is regarded as a medical emergency. [1] Characteristic symptoms include yellow discoloration of the skin or whites of the eyes, fever, abdominal pain, and in severe cases, low blood pressure and confusion.
In chronic pancreatitis weight loss, fatty stool, and diarrhea may occur. [1] [5] Complications may include infection, bleeding, diabetes mellitus, or problems with other organs. [1] The two most common causes of acute pancreatitis are a gallstone blocking the common bile duct after the pancreatic duct has joined; and heavy alcohol use. [1]
Other complications (less than 1%) may include heart and lung problems, infection in the bile duct called cholangitis, that can be life-threatening, and is regarded as a medical emergency. Using antibiotics before the procedure shows some benefits to prevent cholangitis and septicaemia. [25] In rare cases, ERCP can cause fatal complications. [26]