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The Uyghurs, [note 2] alternatively spelled Uighurs, [25] [26] [27] Uygurs or Uigurs, are a Turkic ethnic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the general region of Central and East Asia. The Uyghurs are recognized as the titular nationality of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in Northwest China.
The history of the Uyghur people extends over more than two millennia and can be divided into four distinct phases: Pre-Imperial (300 BC – AD 630), Imperial (AD 630–840), Idiqut (AD 840–1200), and Mongol (AD 1209–1600), with perhaps a fifth modern phase running from the death of the Silk Road in AD 1600 until the present.
Uyghurs are the second-largest predominantly Muslim ethnicity in China, after the Hui, and Sunni Islam is an important aspect of Uyghur identity. [40] The Uyghur language has around 10 million speakers and is shared with other minority groups in the region.
The Yugurs, Yughurs, Yugu (Chinese: 裕固族; pinyin: Yùgùzú; Western Yugur: Sarïg Yogïr; Eastern Yugur: Šera Yogor), traditionally known as Yellow Uyghurs, [1] are a Turkic - Mongolic ethnic group and one of China's 56 officially recognized ethnic groups, consisting of 16,719 persons, according to the 2000 census. [2]
UN Human Rights Office report on Xinjiang. The OHCHR Assessment of human rights concerns in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China is a report published on 31 August 2022 by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) concerning the treatment of Uyghurs and other largely Muslim groups ...
Old (Uyghur) Muslim men forcibly married the women. In response to the chaos a curfew was placed at 11 p.m. [250] The marriages between Muslim (Uyghur) women and Han Chinese men infuriated the Uyghur leader Isa Yusuf Alptekin. [251] Mixed Han-Uyghur partners were pressured to leave their parents and sometimes Xinjiang entirely.
In return, the Uyghur rulers retained control of their kingdom; Genghis Khan's Mongol Empire conquered the Qara Khitai in 1218. Xinjiang was a stronghold of Ögedei Khan and later came under the control of his descendant, Kaidu. This branch of the Mongol family kept the Yuan dynasty at bay until their rule ended.
Main article: Unrecognized ethnic groups in China. The following ethnic groups living in China are not recognized by the Chinese government: Äynu people – classified as Uyghurs. Altai people – classified as Mongols [ 12 ] Fuyu Kyrgyz people – classified as Kyrgyz. Gejia people – classified as Miao.