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The decline of fish populations has been accompanied with reducing numbers of pearl oyster, gorgonian coral, and acorn worm. Local fishermen rely on the reef to feed their families, but destructive fishing methods combined with the stress of pollution and coral mining have meant both nearshore and offshore catches have decreased.
Hikkaduwa National Park is one of the three marine national parks in Sri Lanka.The national park contains a fringing coral reef of high degree of biodiversity. The area was declared a wildlife sanctuary on May 18, 1979, and then on August 14, 1988, upgraded to a nature reserve with extended land area. [1]
Because of being an island, Sri Lanka has many endemic freshwater fauna, as well as thousands of marine and brackish water fauna. [1] Fishing is the way of life of most of coastal community. So, the marine fish fauna gives a greater commercial value to the country's economy, as well as well being of the coastal people. [2]
Kayankerni coral reef is a typical shallow reef with an average length of around roughly 2.5 km (1.6 mi) along the coast at the southern end of the Vandalous Bay. [2] The waters within the territories of the reef is measured on an average depth of within 1 and 1.5 m (3 ft 3 in and 4 ft 11 in) whereas the outer ends of the reef is remarkably measured at 6–7 m (20–23 ft).
It has the greatest biodiversity of any coral reef in the waters around India and is one of the few pristine coral reef systems in Sri Lanka. It is a complex of reefs which stretch parallel to the coast from the northern end of the Kalpitiya peninsula to the islands which separate Portugal Bay from the Gulf of Mannar. It has high ecological ...
Hikkaduwa is a coastal town in south-west of Sri Lanka. It's a beach holiday destination, [2] well known for its scenic beaches , coral reef sanctuary, surfing and nightlife. [3] Hikkaduwa might be the most popular surf spot on the Sri Lankan south-west coast. [4]
The national park contains some of the best remaining coral reefs of Sri Lanka. [1] Pigeon Island was designated as a sanctuary in 1963. In 2003 it was re-designated as a national park, making it the 17th such park in Sri Lanka. The island was used as a shooting range during the colonial era. [2]
Location of Sri Lanka. Environmental issues in Sri Lanka include large-scale logging of forests and degradation of mangroves, coral reefs and soil. Air pollution and water pollution are challenges for Sri Lanka since both cause negative health impacts. Overfishing and insufficient waste management, especially in rural areas, leads to ...