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Erythema migrans by STARI. Southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI) produces a similar rash pattern although it develops more quickly and is smaller. [14] This erythema is also sometimes called erythema migrans [15] or EM. The associated infectious agent has not been determined. Antibiotic treatment resolves the illness quickly. [1] [2]
Lyme disease, also known as Lyme borreliosis, is a tick-borne disease caused by species of Borrelia bacteria, transmitted by blood-feeding ticks in the genus Ixodes. [4] [9] [10] The most common sign of infection is an expanding red rash, known as erythema migrans (EM), which appears at the site of the tick bite about a week afterwards. [1]
Symptoms: Fever, arthritis, neuroborreliosis, erythema migrans, cranial nerve palsy, carditis, fatigue, and influenza-like illness [29] Treatment: Antibiotics – amoxicillin in pregnant adults and children, doxycycline in other adults [30]
Necrolytic migratory erythema (NME) is a red, blistering rash that spreads across the skin. It particularly affects the skin around the mouth and distal extremities; but may also be found on the lower abdomen, buttocks, perineum , and groin.
As the bacteria spreads from this initial point, redness and inflammation expands as well. Sometimes, the space between the initial bite and outer radius of the rash is cleared of bacteria, leading to a bulls-eye shaped rash, also known as erythema migrans—which is a classic early sign of Lyme disease.
Erythema migrans or rash was observed at all combinations of seroreactivity, with symptoms including fever, muscle pain, headache, and respiratory problems. [ 13 ] The spots ( erythema migrans ) are described as red spots, much lesser in size than those seen in Lyme disease , but sometimes no spots occur at all.
Borrelia miyamotoi is a bacterium of the spirochete phylum in the genus Borrelia.A zoonotic organism, B. miyamotoi can infect humans through the bite of several species of hard-shell Ixodes ticks, the same kind of ticks that spread B. burgdorferi, the causative bacterium of Lyme disease.
It was later detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in human cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) in Greece. [11] B. valaisiana has been isolated throughout Europe, as well as east Asia. [12] Newly discovered genospecies have also been found to cause disease in humans: B. lusitaniae [13] in Europe (especially Portugal), North Africa and Asia.