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Ectopic ureter (or ureteral ectopia) is a medical condition where the ureter, rather than terminating at the urinary bladder, terminates at a different site. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In males this site is usually the urethra , in females this is usually the urethra or vagina . [ 3 ]
Bladder exstrophy is a congenital anomaly that exists along the spectrum of the exstrophy-epispadias complex, and most notably involves protrusion of the urinary bladder through a defect in the abdominal wall.
A ureterocele is a cystic dilation of the end of the ureter that can occur in the bladder and/or in the urethra. It occurs in approximately 1 in every 5000 live births, is most commonly seen in females and involves both ides of the urinary tract in approximately half of cases.
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There is a small association between Gartner's duct cysts and metanephric urinary anomalies, such as ectopic ureter and ipsilateral renal hypoplasia. [5] Symptoms of a Gartner's duct cyst include: infections, bladder dysfunction, abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, and urinary incontinence. [6] The size of the cyst is usually less than 2 cm.
A ureterovaginal fistula is a result of trauma, infection, pelvic surgery, radiation treatment and therapy, malignancy, or inflammatory bowel disease. Symptoms can be troubling for women especially since some clinicians delay treatment until inflammation is reduced and stronger tissue has formed. [2]
Epispadias is a birth defect in which the urethra fails to fully develop, resulting in urine leaving the body from an abnormal site. [1] In males, this may be an opening on the upper aspect of the penis, [2] and in females when the urethra develops too far anteriorly.