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Neither national or regional audit courts hear cases related to private organizations, with the few exceptions noted here. Instead, financial cases concerning private funds and money fall within the jurisdiction of the civil justice system. Prior to 1982, France only had a single national Court of Audit.
Many other countries have such a system (including in common-law countries) not only in having a separate judicial order for administrative courts (which exist also in Germany, for example, with Article 95 of the Basic Law of Germany). However, France is exceptional in this regard because of the position of the administrative judge in being ...
The French judiciary courts (French: ordre judiciaire), also known as "ordinary courts", are one of two main divisions of the dual jurisdictional system in France, the other division being the administrative courts (French: ordre administratif). [1] Ordinary courts have jurisdiction over two branches of law:
French law has a dual jurisdictional system comprising private law (droit privé), also known as judicial law, and public law (droit public). [1] [2] Schema of jurisdictional dualism in the French legal system. Judicial law includes, in particular: Civil law (droit civil) Criminal law (droit pénal) Public law includes, in particular:
Cour de cassation in France is an example of a supreme ordinary court. Ordinary court or judicial court is a type of court with comprehensive subject-matter jurisdiction compared to 'specialized court' with limited jurisdiction over specific field of matters, such as intellectual property court.
An inquisitorial system is a legal system in which the court, or a part of the court, is actively involved in investigating the facts of the case. This is distinct from an adversarial system , in which the role of the court is primarily that of an impartial referee between the prosecution and the defense .
French law provides for a separate judicial branch with an independent judiciary which does not answer to or is directly controlled by the other two branches of government. [40] France has a civil law legal system, the basis of which is codified law; however, case law plays a significant role in the determination of the courts.
The building of the Court of Cassation. The prosecution, or parquet général, is headed by the Chief Prosecutor (procureur général). [c] The Chief Prosecutor is a judicial officer, but does not prosecute cases; instead, his function is to advise the Court on how to proceed, analogous to the Commissioner-in-Council's [d] role within the Conseil d'État (lit.