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Production below 12 to 15 L (2.6 to 3.3 imp gal; 3.2 to 4.0 US gal) of milk per day is not economically viable. [30] [failed verification] [citation needed] Cow longevity is strongly correlated with production levels. [31] Lower production cows live longer than high production cows, but may be less profitable.
In 2011, the United States Environmental Protection Agency introduced the gallon gasoline equivalent as a unit of energy because their research showed most U.S. citizens do not understand the standard units. The gallon gasoline equivalent is defined as 33.7 kWh, [81] or about 1.213 × 10 8 joules.
Cow Milk Production by State in 2016 After a brief rise following the Great Recession of 2008-9, milk prices crashed again in the late 2010s to well under $3 a gallon at major grocers in the United States. Pennsylvania has 8,500 farms with 555,000 dairy cows. Milk produced in Pennsylvania yields an annual revenue of about US$1.5 billion. [70]
Terminology differs between countries. In the United States, for example, an entire dairy farm is commonly called a "dairy".The building or farm area where milk is harvested from the cow is often called a "milking parlor" or "parlor", except in the case of smaller dairies, where cows are often put on pasture, and usually milked in "stanchion barns".
Each load uses on average 29.3 gallons (111 liters) of water. According to EPA, a full-sized Energy Star certified clothes washer (with "water factor" - WF ≤ 8.0 gal/cycle/ft^3) should use on average 15 gallons (57 liters) of water per load, compared to at least two times that volume used by a standard machine. [14]
For the 2019–20 season, 4.92 million cows were milked in 11,179 herds, producing 21.1 billion litres (4.6 × 10 9 imp gal; 5.6 × 10 9 US gal) of raw milk containing 1.9 million tonnes of milk solids (protein and milkfat). [21] [22] Dairy farms covered an effective area of 17,304 km 2 (6,681 sq mi), around 6.46% of New Zealand's total land ...
Non-fat milk, also labeled "fat-free milk" or "skim milk", contains less than 0.5% fat; Low-fat milk is 1% fat; Reduced-fat milk is 2% fat; Whole milk contains at least 3.25% fat; Cheeses. Dry curd and nonfat cottage cheese contain less than 0.5% fat; Lowfat cottage cheese contains 0.5–2% fat; Cottage cheese contains at least 4% fat
"a2" branded milk on sale. A2 milk is a variety of cows' milk that mostly lacks a form of β-casein proteins called A1, and instead has mostly the A2 form. [1] Cows' milk like this was brought to market by The a2 Milk Company and is sold mostly in Australia, New Zealand, China, and the United States.