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There is no specific velocity that is considered high, but the proper motion article notes that the majority of stars have a proper motion of 0.01 arc-seconds per year. Note that the closer a star is to earth, the faster it will appear to travel in arc-seconds per year for a given "real" velocity; therefore, the PM values here are apparent ...
Barnard's Star has 10–32% of the solar metallicity. [3] Metallicity is the proportion of stellar mass made up of elements heavier than helium and helps classify stars relative to the galactic population. Barnard's Star seems to be typical of the old, red dwarf population II stars, yet these are also generally metal-poor halo stars.
Barnard's Star's transverse speed is 90 km/s and its radial velocity is 111 km/s (perpendicular (at a right, 90° angle), which gives a true or "space" motion of 142 km/s. True or absolute motion is more difficult to measure than the proper motion, because the true transverse velocity involves the product of the proper motion times the distance.
Edward Emerson Barnard / ˈ b ɑːr n ər d / (December 16, 1857 – February 6, 1923) was an American astronomer. He was commonly known as E. E. Barnard, and was recognized as a gifted observational astronomer. He is best known for his discovery of the high proper motion of Barnard's Star in 1916, which is named in his honor.
Barnard measured its proper motion to 10.3 arcseconds per year, which remains the largest known proper motion of any star relative to the Sun. Lying at a distance of about 1.8 parsecs or 5.96 light-years , Barnard's Star is the second closest known star system to the Sun and the fourth closest known individual star after the three components of ...
Barnard's Star: 130,100 The star with the highest proper motion, [138] and the second-nearest star system to the Solar system. Has a planet, Barnard's Star b / Barnard b. [139] [105] Batsũ̀ (LHS 3844) 131,500 Has one confirmed exoplanet [140] Ross 248: 132,200 Tenth-nearest star system to the Solar System. [112] Gliese 1128: 132,200 [141 ...
The star, whose mass is roughly half that of the Sun, is currently 62 light-years from the Solar System. It was first noticed in 1999 using data from the Hipparcos satellite, and was estimated to pass less than 1.3 light-years (0.40 pc) from the Sun in 1.4 million years. [ 73 ]
At the time of its discovery it had the highest proper motion of any star known, dethroning Groombridge 1830. In 1916, Barnard's Star was found to have an even larger proper motion. [13] [15] [16] In 2014, two super-Earth planet candidates in orbit around the star were announced, [9] but later refuted. [7]