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A homocycle or homocyclic ring is a ring in which all atoms are of the same chemical element. [1] A heterocycle or heterocyclic ring is a ring containing atoms of at least two different elements, i.e. a non-homocyclic ring. [2] A carbocycle or carbocyclic ring is a homocyclic ring in which all of the atoms are carbon. [3]
Three modes of ring junction are possible for a bicyclic compound: [3] In spiro compounds, the two rings share only one single atom, the spiro atom, which is usually a quaternary carbon. [4] An example of a spirocyclic compound is the photochromic switch spiropyran. In fused/condensed [5] bicyclic compounds, two rings share two adjacent atoms.
A cyclic compound or ring compound is a compound in which at least some its atoms are connected to form a ring. [1] Rings vary in size from three to many tens or even hundreds of atoms. Examples of ring compounds readily include cases where: all the atoms are carbon (i.e., are carbocycles),
A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a cyclic compound that has atoms of at least two different elements as members of its ring(s). [1] Heterocyclic organic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and applications of organic heterocycles. [2] Examples of heterocyclic compounds include all of ...
Stereocontrol for cyclohexane rings is well established in organic chemistry, in large part due to the axial/equatorial preferential positioning of substituents on the ring. Macrocyclic stereocontrol models the substitution and reactions of medium and large rings in organic chemistry , with remote stereogenic elements providing enough ...
In polymer chemistry, ring-opening polymerization (ROP) is a form of chain-growth polymerization in which the terminus of a polymer chain attacks cyclic monomers to form a longer polymer (see figure). The reactive center can be radical, anionic or cationic. Ring-opening of cyclic monomers is often driven by the relief of bond-angle strain.
Chiastic structure, or chiastic pattern, is a literary technique in narrative motifs and other textual passages. An example of chiastic structure would be two ideas, A and B, together with variants A' and B', being presented as A,B,B',A'. Chiastic structures that involve more components are sometimes called "ring structures" or "ring compositions".
A ring forming reaction or ring-closing reaction in organic chemistry is an umbrella term for a variety of reactions that introduce one or more rings into a molecule. A heterocycle forming reaction is a reaction that introduces a new heterocycle. [1] [2] Important classes of ring forming reactions include annulations [3] and cycloadditions ...