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The fourth cranial nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle for each eye. The superior oblique muscle is one of the six extraocular muscles that allow movement of eye. Specifically, the superior oblique muscle primarily intorts the eye (such that the top of the eye rolls toward the nose), with secondary actions of depression (downgaze) and ...
Cleidocranial dysostosis (CCD), also called cleidocranial dysplasia, is a birth defect that mostly affects the bones and teeth. [1] The collarbones are typically either poorly developed or absent, which allows the shoulders to be brought close together. [1]
[1] [2] [10] [18] It can be expanded and is used in paediatric cranioplasty. [1] [10] It can be moulded smoothly and has appealing cosmetic results. [10] However, the material is brittle and has low tensile strength, and so is only suitable to be used for small cranial defects. [1] [2] [10] [18] Its use is also associated with a high infection ...
Cervicocranial syndrome can be caused either due to a defect (genetic mutation [9] or development of diseases later in life) or an injury pertaining to the cervical area of the neck that damages the spinal nerves traveling through the cervical region [10] [7] resulting in ventral subluxation. [11]
Craniofacial abnormalities are congenital musculoskeletal disorders which primarily affect the cranium and facial bones. [1]They are associated with the development of the pharyngeal arches. [2]
The cranial nerve VI also has interneurons connecting to the medial rectus, which controls horizontal eye movement towards from the midline of the body. [4] Since the lateral rectus controls movement away from the center of the body, a lesion in the abducens nucleus disrupts the pathways controlling outward movements, not allowing the right eye ...
The other facial defects within the fifty-minute programme consisted of children with facial cleft and cleft lip and palate which may be associated with encephalocele. [ 13 ] In November 2006, there was an hour-long documentary on the British television network Channel 4 about Facing the World , an organization that helps children with severe ...
3C syndrome is a rare condition whose symptoms include heart defects, cerebellar hypoplasia, and cranial dysmorphism. It was first described in the medical literature in 1987 by Ritscher and Schinzel, for whom the disorder is sometimes named.