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As the 16th century progressed, Ottoman naval superiority was challenged by the growing sea powers of western Europe, particularly Portugal, in the Persian Gulf, Indian Ocean and the Spice Islands. With the Ottoman Turks blockading sea-lanes to the East and South, the European powers were driven to find another way to the ancient silk and spice ...
The Ottoman Empire [k] (/ ˈ ɒ t ə m ə n / ⓘ), also called the Turkish Empire, [23] [24] was an imperial realm [l] that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
The empire came into existence at the end of the 13th century, and its first ruler (and the namesake of the Empire) was Osman I. According to later, often unreliable Ottoman tradition, Osman was a descendant of the Kayı tribe of the Oghuz Turks . [ 2 ]
The Ottoman Empire of the Classical Age experienced dramatic territorial growth. The period opened with the conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed II (r. 1451–1481) in 1453. Mehmed II went on to consolidate the empire's position in the Balkans and Anatolia , conquering Serbia in 1454–55, the Peloponnese in 1458–59, Trebizond in 1461, and ...
First Balkan War: The Ottoman Empire is nearly wiped out from Europe, save for Istanbul and just enough land around to defend it. 1914: August 2: The Empire enters into World War I on the side of the Central Powers. Cyprus is annexed outright by Britain. 1915: April 24: The Ottoman Empire initiates forced deportation of Armenians. 1915: April 25
List of the main battles in the history of the Ottoman Empire are shown below. The life span of the empire was more than six centuries, and the maximum territorial extent, at the zenith of its power in the second half of the 16th century, stretched from central Europe to the Persian Gulf and from the Caspian Sea to North Africa.
The Ottoman sultans began to gradually move away from direct Roman legitimization as the Sunni Muslim majority grew following the expansions in the first half of the 16th century [50] and they started to use Roman imperial titles like sar/çar or imperator to refer to the Holy Roman Emperors and Russian Tsars which fell out of use for the ...
Many twentieth-century scholars argued that power of the Ottoman Empire began waning after the death of Suleiman the Magnificent in 1566, and without the acquisition of significant new wealth the empire went into decline, a concept known as the Ottoman Decline Thesis. Since the late 1970s, however, historians increasingly came to question the ...