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A clinical trial is a research study to answer specific questions about vaccines or new therapies or new ways of using known treatments. Clinical trials (also called medical research and research studies) are used to determine whether new drugs or treatments are both safe and effective.
The Drug Effectiveness Review Project (DERP) is a self-governed collaboration of state Medicaid and public pharmacy programs that commission high-quality evidence-based research products to assist policymakers and other decision-makers grappling with difficult drug coverage decisions.
The main discussion of these abbreviations in the context of drug prescriptions and other medical prescriptions is at List of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions. Some of these abbreviations are best not used, as marked and explained here.
Clinical research is different from clinical practice: in clinical practice, established treatments are used to improve the condition of a person, while in clinical research, evidence is collected under rigorous study conditions on groups of people to determine the efficacy and safety of a treatment. [1] [2]
Until 2014 it concentrated on assessing health care costs (rather than evaluating drugs). [2] It evaluates the cost-effectiveness of drugs in a similar way to the UK's NICE, [1] [3] and has come under some criticism from the drug industry. [2] ICER has placed a monetary value on several prescription drugs since 2014.
The drug must be found to be effective against the disease for which it is seeking approval (where 'effective' means only that the drug performed better than placebo or competitors in at least two trials). The drug must meet safety criteria by being subject to animal and controlled human testing. Gaining FDA approval usually takes several years.
As the evidence and consensus for use of the drug increases and strengthens, its class of indication is improved. [6] Preferred drugs (and other treatments) are also referred to a " first line " or "primary" while others are called "second line", "third line" etc. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] A drug may be indicated as an "adjunct" or " adjuvant ", added to a ...