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Retrolisthesis can be classified as a form of spondylolisthesis, since spondylolisthesis is often defined in the literature as displacement in any direction. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Yet, medical dictionaries usually define spondylolisthesis specifically as the forward or anterior displacement of a vertebra over the vertebra inferior to it (or the sacrum ).
A retrolisthesis is a posterior displacement of one vertebral body with respect to the subjacent vertebra to a degree less than a luxation (dislocation ...
Plain film lateral x-rays can be used to evaluate for translations anteriorly (anterolisthesis) or posteriorly (retrolisthesis). Where plain films indicate the likelihood of these translations being significant, flexion-extension views can be utilized to determine the dynamic range of movement of joints.
Spondylolisthesis is the forward displacement of a vertebra and retrolisthesis is a posterior displacement of one vertebral body with respect to the adjacent vertebra to a degree less than a dislocation. Spondylolysis, also known as a pars defect, is a defect or fracture at the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch.
The reverse of this condition is retrolisthesis where one vertebra slips backward onto another. The vertebral pedicle is often used as a radiographic marker and entry point in vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, and spinal fusion procedures. The arcuate foramen is a common anatomical variation more frequently seen in females.
The last decade of studies on Modic changes have shown that Modic changes are associated with many treatment-resistant pain episodes and may result in patients entering a state of chronic low back pain.
SMA is a category of spinal disease that in linked with genetic disorders. More specifically, it is caused by an autosomal recessive disorder due to a homozygous mutation of a motor neuron gene. [3]
This article about a disease of musculoskeletal and connective tissue is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.