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November 6, 2008: The IMF predicted a worldwide recession of −0.3% for 2009. On the same day, the Bank of England and the European Central Bank, respectively, reduced their interest rates from 4.5% to 3%, and from 3.75% to 3.25%. [166] November 10, 2008: American Express converted to a bank holding company. [167]
Krugman introduces the notion of a liquidity trap in his analysis of Japan in the 1990s, the Asian financial crisis, Latin American crisis and the 2008 Global Financial Crisis. [11] [12] [13] Liquidity traps are essentially a lack of circulation or growth in the supply of money in the economy. [11]
However, this estimate has been disputed by analysts who argue that if inflation is taken into account, the GDP growth was negative for those two quarters, making it a technical recession. [21] In a May 9, 2008 report, the chief North American economist for investment bank Merrill Lynch wrote that despite the GDP growth reported for the first ...
The title of the book points at the sharp decline in stock prices following the bankruptcy of the investment bank Lehman Brothers in September, 2008. Meanwhile, its subtitle reveals Stiglitz's conviction that free markets are at the bottom of the crisis, as he makes deregulation responsible for the rise of the shadow banking system, over-leveraged banks and subprime mortgages.
The recession did not show up until 2009, but the recession already slowed down in 2008. The country had a positive growth of 1.5% in 2008 compared to a 3.3% in 2007, by 2009 the economy had shrunk by 6.5%, a percentage bigger than that of the 1994-1995 crisis [18] and the largest in almost eight decades and registering an inflation of 3.57% [19]
New research shows surprising positive effects of the Great Recession When people think of the Great Recession in 2008, they don’t tend to think of it as a particularly healthy time for humanity.
The National Bureau of Economic Research says a recession involves a "significant decline in economic activity that is spread across the economy and lasts more than a few months."
A study of mental health data in America from directly after the 2007–2008 financial crisis and the Great Recession, however, found that women experienced more stress than men because they were more likely to be the financial managers of the household and therefore felt the impact of the recession on household budgets more. [64]