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Erythema annulare centrifugum (EAC), is a descriptive term for a class of skin lesion [2] presenting redness in a ring form (anulare) that spreads from a center (centrifugum). It was first described by Darier in 1916.
Annular erythema of infancy (AEI) consists of self-limited eruptions of erythematous, annular to polycyclic patches and plaques. It is an idiopathic figurate erythema. [1] Over several days, a single lesion disappears without leaving behind any scale or hyperpigmentation. Mostly affecting the trunk, face, and extremities, this rash has no symptoms.
Erythema annulare centrifugum Superficial types: [18] Mild spongiosis, parakeratosis and microvesiculation. "Coat-sleeve anomaly": tight lymphohistiocytic infiltrate surrounding superficial vessels; Deep lesions: Sharply demarcated perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrate in middle to deep dermis [18] Not otherwise specified [notes 2]
It is used to describe the rash in cutaneous larvae migrans, [3] erythema annulare centrifugum, [4] purpura annularis telangiectoides, ringworm, [5] balanitis circinata, [6] and some cases of bullous pemphigoid. [7]
Urticaria are characterized by dermal edema (wheal, swollen) and erythema (flare, red), [2] also known as hives. [5] Hive lesions typically last less than 24 hours and are usually itchy (pruritic). [2] Hives can appear anywhere on the body and they may change shape, move around, disappear and reappear over short periods of time. [5]
Erythema multiforme (EM) is generally considered a separate condition. [6] Treatment typically takes place in hospital such as in a burn unit or intensive care unit. [3] [7] Efforts include stopping the cause, pain medication, and antihistamines. [3] [4] Antibiotics, intravenous immunoglobulins, and corticosteroids may also be used.
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Several theories have been put forth, however the pathophysiology of pressure urticaria is unknown. [3] Although there isn't an obvious early cutaneous reaction, the time of the reaction following the application of pressure to the skin, the shape of the lesions, and the infiltrating cells observed on histopathologic examination are indicative of a late-phase reaction. [5]