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  2. Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporulation_in_Bacillus...

    The wrong decision can be catastrophic: a vegetative cell will die if the conditions are too harsh, while bacteria forming spores in an environment which is conducive to vegetative growth will be out competed. [3] In short, initiation of sporulation is a very tightly regulated network with numerous checkpoints for efficient control. [citation ...

  3. Germ theory of disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_theory_of_disease

    A representation by Robert Seymour of the cholera epidemic depicts the spread of the disease in the form of poisonous air.. The miasma theory was the predominant theory of disease transmission before the germ theory took hold towards the end of the 19th century; it is no longer accepted as a correct explanation for disease by the scientific community.

  4. Serial passage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_passage

    This process is repeated with as many stages as desired, and then the final product is studied, often in comparison with the original virus. This sort of facilitated transmission is often conducted in a laboratory setting, because it is of scientific interest to observe how the virus or bacterium that is being passed evolves over the course of ...

  5. Germ theory's key 19th century figures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_theory's_key_19th...

    The germ theory of disease proposes that invisible microorganisms (bacteria and viruses) are the cause of particular illnesses in both humans and animals. [2] Prior to medicine becoming hard science, there were many philosophical theories about how disease originated and was transmitted.

  6. Outline of infectious disease concepts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_infectious...

    The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to concepts related to infectious diseases in humans.. Infection – transmission, entry/invasion after evading/overcoming defense, establishment, and replication of disease-causing microscopic organisms (pathogens) inside a host organism, and the reaction of host tissues to them and to the toxins they produce.

  7. Pathogen transmission - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogen_transmission

    An infectious disease agent can be transmitted in two ways: as horizontal disease agent transmission from one individual to another in the same generation (peers in the same age group) [3] by either direct contact (licking, touching, biting), or indirect contact through air – cough or sneeze (vectors or fomites that allow the transmission of the agent causing the disease without physical ...

  8. Host–pathogen interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host–pathogen_interaction

    Pathogens include bacteria, fungi, protozoa, parasitic worms (helminths), and viruses. Each of these different types of organisms can then be further classified as a pathogen based on its mode of transmission. This includes the following: food borne, airborne, waterborne, blood-borne, and vector-borne.

  9. Viral pathogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_pathogenesis

    Typical sites of virus entry into the body: The first steps of viral infection is determined by the site at which the virus implants into the body. This would subsequently dictate the mechanisms of viral pathogenesis. Transmission from a host with an infection to a second host; Entry of the virus into the body; Local replication in susceptible ...