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The Seebeck coefficient (also known as thermopower, [1] thermoelectric power, and thermoelectric sensitivity) of a material is a measure of the magnitude of an induced thermoelectric voltage in response to a temperature difference across that material, as induced by the Seebeck effect. [2]
The Seebeck coefficients generally vary as function of temperature and depend strongly on the composition of the conductor. For ordinary materials at room temperature, the Seebeck coefficient may range in value from −100 μV/K to +1,000 μV/K (see Seebeck coefficient article for more information).
Kuznetsov et al. measured electrical resistance and Seebeck coefficient for three different type I clathrates above room temperature and by estimating high temperature thermal conductivity from the published low temperature data they obtained ZT~0.7 at 700 K for Ba 8 Ga 16 Ge 30 and ZT~0.87 at 870 K for Ba 8 Ga 16 Si 30.
The typical efficiency of TEGs is around 5–8%, although it can be higher. Older devices used bimetallic junctions and were bulky. More recent devices use highly doped semiconductors made from bismuth telluride (Bi 2 Te 3), lead telluride (PbTe), [10] calcium manganese oxide (Ca 2 Mn 3 O 8), [11] [12] or combinations thereof, [13] depending on application temperature.
The performance of thermoelectric materials can be evaluated by the figure of merit, = /, in which is the Seebeck coefficient, is the electrical conductivity and is the thermal conductivity. In order to improve the thermoelectric performance of materials, the power factor ( S 2 σ {\displaystyle S^{2}\sigma } ) needs to be maximized and the ...
The thermopower, or Seebeck coefficient, of a material, which governs its thermoelectric properties (a misnomer, as this quantity has units of voltage per unit temperature) The power output of a thermoelectric generator that uses the Seebeck effect; Radioisotope thermoelectric generator
Effective masses can also be estimated using the coefficient γ of the linear term in the low-temperature electronic specific heat at constant volume . The specific heat depends on the effective mass through the density of states at the Fermi level and as such is a measure of degeneracy as well as band curvature
English: Absolute Seebeck coefficient of lead at low temperature, according to Christian, Jan, Pearson, Templeton (1958). 0-7 K : Seebeck is zero since lead is superconducting. 7-20 K: Seebeck measured by thermocouple against superconducting niobium-tin. 20 K and up: Seebeck extrapolated by Christian et al, using previous results of Borelius (1932).