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This is a list of notable programming languages with features designed for object-oriented programming (OOP). The listed languages are designed with varying degrees of OOP support. Some are highly focused in OOP while others support multiple paradigms including OOP.
In object-oriented programming, the singleton pattern is a software design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to a singular instance. It is one of the well-known "Gang of Four" design patterns , which describe how to solve recurring problems in object-oriented software. [ 1 ]
In 2018, Kotlin was the fastest growing language on GitHub, with 2.6 times more developers compared to 2017. [53] It is the fourth most loved programming language according to the 2020 Stack Overflow Developer Survey. [54] Kotlin was also awarded the O'Reilly Open Source Software Conference Breakout Award for 2019. [55]
They can be used to iterate over any object that implements the NSFastEnumeration protocol, including NSArray, NSDictionary (iterates over keys), NSSet, etc. NSArray * a = [ NSArray new ]; // Any container class can be substituted for ( id obj in a ) { // Dynamic typing is used.
The observer design pattern is a behavioural pattern listed among the 23 well-known "Gang of Four" design patterns that address recurring design challenges in order to design flexible and reusable object-oriented software, yielding objects that are easier to implement, change, test and reuse.
Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...
Iterating over a container is done using this form of loop: for e in c while w do # loop body od; The in c clause specifies the container, which may be a list, set, sum, product, unevaluated function, array, or object implementing an iterator. A for-loop may be terminated by od, end, or end do.
Ruby: as last object of line; comment may follow operator AutoHotkey : As the first character of continued line; any expression operators except ++ and --, and a comma or a period [ 7 ] Some form of line comment serves as line continuation