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A narrow-gauge railway (narrow-gauge railroad in the US) is a railway with a track gauge narrower than 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) standard gauge. Most narrow-gauge railways are between 600 mm ( 1 ft 11 + 5 ⁄ 8 in ) and 1,067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ).
The centre of the buffer on European railway vehicles must be between 940 and 1,065 mm above the top of rail. Spain was an exception for a long time. A buffer separation of 1,950 mm was specified there because of the force transmitted to the longitudinal beams of the wagons, which are further apart due to their broad gauge railways.
See Narrow-gauge railways in Denmark: 686 mm: 2 ft 3 in: See List of 2 ft 3 in gauge railways: 693 mm: 2 ft 3 + 9 ⁄ 32 in: Sweden: 28 Swedish inches. [28] Several railways. 700 mm 2 ft 3 + 9 ⁄ 16 in: Denmark See Narrow-gauge railways in Denmark and Narrow-gauge railways in Europe. Common for sugar beet or sugar cane railways and peat railways.
Narrow gauge flat wagons, 750 mm (2 ft 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 in).Note the single buffer with a hook on the right side and a chain on the other. On some narrow-gauge lines in Europe, and on the Paris Metro, a simplified version of the loose-coupler is used, consisting of a single central buffer with a chain underneath.
Johnston link-and-pin from 1873 to 1927 on Cape gauge, from 1906 on 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge in Natal. [23] [24] Bell-and-hook from 1902 on 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge in the Cape of Good Hope. [24] [25] AAR knuckle wide use from 1927 on Cape gauge. The first application of these couplers in what is now South Africa was in 1904 by the ultra ...
In Sweden, the gauge was nicknamed Blekinge gauge, as most of the railways in the province of Blekinge had this gauge. [14] Colonial Gauge was used in New Zealand. [15] [16] In Australia, this gauge is typically referred to as narrow gauge in comparison to 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge or 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) broad gauge.
Cross-section of 4-rail dual-gauge track (standard and metre gauge/ narrow gauge) (click to enlarge) Cross-section of Australian dual-gauge track – 1600 mm (5 ft 3 in) and 1435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) gauges (click to enlarge) Mixed gauge track at Sassari, Sardinia: 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) standard gauge and 950 mm (3 ft 1 + 3 ⁄ 8 in)
The balance lever coupling, also central buffer coupling with two screw coupling, is a coupler commonly used on narrow gauge railroads with tight curves. By swapping the pulling and pushing devices, the standard screw coupling used on standard gauge railroads became a center buffer coupling with one screw coupling on each side of the buffer.