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The change from normal to premalignant cells in Barrett's esophagus typically does not cause specific symptoms. However, Barrett's esophagus is often associated with the following symptoms, primarily due to underlying gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): [8] frequent and longstanding heartburn; trouble swallowing
Nutcracker esophagus is characterized by high-amplitude peristaltic contractions that are frequently prolonged and cause dysphagia and chest pain. [6] HLES (hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter) is a rare manometric abnormality seen among individuals with dysphagia, chest pain, gastroesophageal reflux, and hiatal hernia. [7]
Rings cause intermittent mechanical dysphagia, meaning patients will usually present with transient discomfort and regurgitation while swallowing solids and then liquids, depending on the constriction of the ring. Webs--- Usually squamous mucosal protrusion into the esophageal lumen, especially anterior cervical esophagus behind the cricoid ...
Some people also experience a sensation known as globus esophagus, where it feels as if a ball is lodged in the lower part of the esophagus. The following are additional diseases and conditions that affect the esophagus: Achalasia [1] Acute esophageal necrosis; Barrett's esophagus; Boerhaave syndrome; Caustic injury to the esophagus; Chagas disease
Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) is an esophageal motility disorder characterized by increased pressure where the esophagus connects to the stomach at the lower esophageal sphincter.
Barrett's esophagus is the dominant pre-malignant lesion of esophageal adenocarcinoma, [18] and has prevalent epigenetic alterations. [ 19 ] Esophageal squamous-cell carcinomas may occur as second primary tumors associated with head and neck cancer , due to field cancerization (i.e. a regional reaction to long-term carcinogenic exposure).
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) or laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx, oropharynx and/or the nasopharynx. [4] [5] LPR causes respiratory symptoms such as cough and wheezing [6] and is often associated with head and neck complaints such as dysphonia, globus pharyngis, and dysphagia. [7]
If it is caused by esophagitis, in turn caused by an underlying infection, it is commonly treated by treating the infection (typically with antibiotics). In order to open the stricture, a surgeon can insert a bougie – a weighted tube used to dilate the constricted areas in the esophagus. [3] It can sometimes be treated with other medications.