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The resulting string is truncated if there are fewer than numChars characters beyond the starting point. endpos represents the index after the last character in the substring. Note that for variable-length encodings such as UTF-8, UTF-16 or Shift-JIS, it can be necessary to remove string positions at the end, in order to avoid invalid strings.
The Unicode Standard encodes almost all standard characters used in mathematics. [1] Unicode Technical Report #25 provides comprehensive information about the character repertoire, their properties, and guidelines for implementation. [1]
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Conversely, if a newline is considered a terminator, all text lines including the last are expected to be terminated by a newline. If the final character sequence in a text file is not a newline, the final line of the file may be considered to be an improper or incomplete text line, or the file may be considered to be improperly truncated.
[2] [3] [4] It was created in 2008 by Jeff Atwood and Joel Spolsky. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] It features questions and answers on certain computer programming topics. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] It was created to be a more open alternative to earlier question and answer websites such as Experts-Exchange .
Single-track Gray code: [63] each column is a cyclic shift of the other columns, plus any two consecutive permutations differ only in one or two transpositions. Nested swaps generating algorithm in steps connected to the nested subgroups S k ⊂ S k + 1 {\displaystyle S_{k}\subset S_{k+1}} .
For example, in a rectangular maze, build at random points two walls that are perpendicular to each other. These two walls divide the large chamber into four smaller chambers separated by four walls. Choose three of the four walls at random, and open a one cell-wide hole at a random point in each of the three.
An n-bit LUT can encode any n-input Boolean function by storing the truth table of the function in the LUT. This is an efficient way of encoding Boolean logic functions, and LUTs with 4-6 bits of input are in fact the key component of modern field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) which provide reconfigurable hardware logic capabilities.