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Evolution of angiosperms shown in diagram format, per APG IV. The APG IV system of flowering plant classification is the fourth version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy for flowering plants (angiosperms) being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG).
Botanical nomenclature is merely the body of rules prescribing which name applies to that taxon (see correct name) and if a new name may (or must) be coined. Plant taxonomy is an empirical science, a science that determines what constitutes a particular taxon (taxonomic grouping, plural: taxa): e.g. "What plants belong to this species?"
Three goals of plant taxonomy are the identification, classification and description of plants. The distinction between these three goals is important and often overlooked. Plant identification is a determination of the identity of an unknown plant by comparison with previously collected specimens or with the aid of books or identification ...
Carl Linnaeus's garden at Uppsala, Sweden Title page of Species Plantarum, 1753. The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN or ICNafp) is the set of rules and recommendations dealing with the formal botanical names that are given to plants, fungi and a few other groups of organisms, all those "traditionally treated as algae, fungi, or plants". [1]:
The evolution and classification of flowering plants. New York Botanical Garden. ISBN 978-0-89327-332-3. {}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list A. Cronquist (1981). An integrated system of classification of flowering plants. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-03880-5.
A formal classification was published alongside the 2009 revision in which the flowering plants rank as the subclass Magnoliidae. [38] From 1998, the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) has reclassified the angiosperms, with updates in the APG II system in 2003, [ 39 ] the APG III system in 2009, [ 31 ] [ 40 ] and the APG IV system in 2016.