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  2. RC circuit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC_circuit

    e. A resistor–capacitor circuit (RC circuit), or RC filter or RC network, is an electric circuit composed of resistors and capacitors. It may be driven by a voltage or current source and these will produce different responses. A first order RC circuit is composed of one resistor and one capacitor and is the simplest type of RC circuit.

  3. RC time constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC_time_constant

    The RC time constant, denoted τ (lowercase tau), the time constant (in seconds) of a resistor–capacitor circuit (RC circuit), is equal to the product of the circuit resistance (in ohms) and the circuit capacitance (in farads): It is the time required to charge the capacitor, through the resistor, from an initial charge voltage of zero to ...

  4. RC oscillator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC_oscillator

    Another common design is the "Twin-T" oscillator as it uses two "T" RC circuits operated in parallel. One circuit is an R-C-R "T" which acts as a low-pass filter. The second circuit is a C-R-C "T" which operates as a high-pass filter. Together, these circuits form a bridge which is tuned at the desired frequency of oscillation.

  5. Relaxation oscillator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaxation_oscillator

    Simple relaxation oscillator made by feeding back an inverting Schmitt trigger 's output voltage through a RC network to its input. In electronics, a relaxation oscillator is a nonlinear electronic oscillator circuit that produces a nonsinusoidal repetitive output signal, such as a triangle wave or square wave. [1][2][3][4] The circuit consists ...

  6. Pulse-width modulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse-width_modulation

    t. e. Pulse-width modulation (PWM), also known as pulse-duration modulation (PDM) or pulse-length modulation (PLM), [1] is any method of representing a signal as a rectangular wave with a varying duty cycle (and for some methods also a varying period). PWM is useful for controlling the average power or amplitude delivered by an electrical signal.

  7. Schmitt trigger - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmitt_trigger

    It is an active circuit which converts an analog input signal to a digital output signal. The circuit is named a trigger because the output retains its value until the input changes sufficiently to trigger a change. In the non-inverting configuration, when the input is higher than a chosen threshold, the output is high.

  8. Sample and hold - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_and_hold

    Sample and hold. In electronics, a sample and hold (also known as sample and follow) circuit is an analog device that samples (captures, takes) the voltage of a continuously varying analog signal and holds (locks, freezes) its value at a constant level for a specified minimum period of time. Sample and hold circuits and related peak detectors ...

  9. Linear time-invariant system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_time-invariant_system

    Block diagram illustrating the superposition principle and time invariance for a deterministic continuous-time single-input single-output system. The system satisfies the superposition principle and is time-invariant if and only if y 3 (t) = a 1 y 1 (t – t 0) + a 2 y 2 (t – t 0) for all time t, for all real constants a 1, a 2, t 0 and for all inputs x 1 (t), x 2 (t). [1]