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2. Liquid-ring pump - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid-ring_pump

   Single-stage vacuum pumps typically produce vacuum to 35 torr (mm Hg) or 47 millibars (4.7 kPa), and two-stage pumps can produce vacuum to 25 torr, assuming air is being pumped and the ring-liquid is water at 15 °C (59 °F) or less. Dry air and 15 °C sealant-water temperature is the standard performance basis, which most manufacturers use for ...

3. Piping and instrumentation diagram - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_instrumentation...

   Piping and instrumentation diagram of pump with storage tank. Symbols according to EN ISO 10628 and EN 62424. A more complex example of a P&ID. A piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is defined as follows: A diagram which shows the interconnection of process equipment and the instrumentation used to control the process.

4. Vacuum ejector - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_Ejector

   The strength of the vacuum produced depends on the velocity and shape of the fluid jet and the shape of the constriction and mixing sections, but if a liquid is used as the working fluid, the strength of the vacuum produced is limited by the vapor pressure of the liquid (for water, 3.2 kPa or 0.46 psi or 32 mbar at 25 °C or 77 °F). If a gas ...

5. Vacuum pump - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_pump

   The Roots blower is one example of a vacuum pump. A vacuum pump is a type of pump device that draws gas particles from a sealed volume in order to leave behind a partial vacuum. The first vacuum pump was invented in 1650 by Otto von Guericke, and was preceded by the suction pump, which dates to antiquity. [1]

6. Roughing pump - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roughing_pump

   The term "roughing pump" derives from the vacuum range it works in, "rough vacuum", above 1x10 −3 torr (0.1 Pa). Pumps that operate in the high vacuum ranges typically don't operate, or only operate inefficiently, at atmospheric pressures , whereas pumps that work efficiently at atmospheric pressure usually cannot produce a vacuum lower than ...

7. Rotary vane pump - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary_vane_pump

   An eccentric rotary vane pump Another eccentric rotary-vane pump design. Note that modern pumps have an area contact between rotor and stator (and not a line contact). 1. pump housing 2. rotor 3. vanes 4. spring. A rotary vane pump is a type of positive-displacement pump that consists of vanes mounted to a rotor that rotates inside a cavity. In ...