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Then, with the help of a receiver, locators can trace as well as identify what type of utility line lies underground. The active method is the most suitable for locating conductive metal pipes and cables. This process often involves using a piece of electromagnetic equipment, consisting of a transmitter and a receiver.
They are especially beneficial to densely populated areas, particularly those locations where overhead cable posts are unavailable or are not ideal. [3] Locating underground cables—as well as other underground facilities—is an integral pre-excavation process mandated by laws and guided by a number of industry standards. [4]
The Murray loop bridge is a bridge circuit used for locating faults in underground or underwater cables. [1] [2] It has been used for more than 100 years [3] but is being replaced by the more precise time-domain reflectometer. One end of the faulted cable is connected through a pair of resistors to the voltage source.
Directional boring machine. Directional boring, also referred to as horizontal directional drilling (HDD), is a minimal impact trenchless method of installing underground utilities such as pipe, conduit, or cables in a relatively shallow arc or radius along a prescribed underground path using a surface-launched drilling rig.
Borehole radars utilizing GPR are used to map the structures from a borehole in underground mining applications. Modern directional borehole radar systems are able to produce three-dimensional images from measurements in a single borehole. [8] One of the other main applications for ground-penetrating radars is for locating underground utilities.
A utility tunnel, utility corridor, or utilidor is a passage built underground or above ground to carry utility lines such as electricity, steam, water supply pipes, and sewer pipes. Communications utilities like fiber optics , cable television , and telephone cables are also sometimes carried.