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The lautenwerck (also spelled lautenwerk), alternatively called lute-harpsichord (lute-clavier) or keyboard lute, is a European keyboard instrument of the Baroque period. It is similar to a harpsichord , but with gut (sometimes nylon ) rather than metal strings (except for the 4-foot register on some instruments), producing a mellow tone.
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French lute music declined during the second part of the 16th century; however, various changes to the instrument (the increase of diapason strings, new tunings, etc.) prompted an important change in style that led, during the early Baroque, to the celebrated style brisé: broken, arpeggiated textures that influenced Johann Jakob Froberger's ...
The composition is written on the next two pages, on systems of two staffs, with a soprano clef for the upper staff, and a bass clef for the lower staff. Although, in the first half of the 18th century, a tablature notation was common for lute compositions, Kellner thus wrote the Prelude down in a notation which at the time was customary for keyboard compositions. [10]
A prolific and highly original composer, Kapsberger is chiefly remembered today for his lute and theorbo (chitarrone) music, which was seminal in the development of these as solo instruments. First measures of the tablature of the first tocatta of the libro primo d'intavolatura di chitarone (first book of chitarone tablature) by Johannes ...
The sources for this are: an autograph manuscript by Bach, in staff notation on two staves (B-Br Ms.II 4085 MUSI.); and a version in lute tablature made from it by an unnamed lutenist (D-LEm Sammlung Becker, Ms. III.11.3).
Tablature (or tab for short) is a form of musical notation indicating instrument fingering or the location of the played notes rather than musical pitches. Tablature is common for fretted stringed instruments such as the guitar , lute or vihuela , as well as many free reed aerophones such as the harmonica .
Some argue that despite the annotation about the lute-harpsichord, the piece was meant to be played on the lute, as demonstrated by the texture. [3] Others argue that since the piece was written in E minor , it would be incompatible with the baroque lute, which was tuned to D minor unless a capo was on the 2nd fret. [ 4 ]