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In capitalist societies, human qualities, relationships, and actions are treated as if they belong to objects created by Man — objects that then appear as if they were originally independent of Man, and seem to control human life. Conversely, human beings are transformed into thing-like beings that do not behave in a human way but according ...
The idea of a just society first gained modern attention when philosophers such as John Stuart Mill asked, "What is a 'just society'?" [3] Their writings covered several perspectives including allowing individuals to live their lives as long as they didn't infringe on the rights to others, to the idea that the resources of society should be distributed to all, including those most deserving first.
In a society, the relative honor and prestige accorded to individuals depends on how well an individual is perceived to match a society's values and ideals (e.g., being pious in a religious society or wealthy in a capitalist society). Status often comes with attendant rights, duties, and lifestyle practices. [6]
Karl Marx's theory of alienation describes the separation and estrangement of people from their work, their wider world, their human nature, and their selves.Alienation is a consequence of the division of labour in a capitalist society, wherein a human being's life is lived as a mechanistic part of a social class.
Feuerbach resolves the essence of religion into the essence of man [menschliches Wesen = 'human nature']. But the essence of man is no abstraction inherent in each single individual. In reality, it is the ensemble of the social relations. Feuerbach, who does not enter upon a criticism of this real essence is hence obliged: 1.
The scholarly analysis of material culture, which can include both human made and natural or altered objects, is called material culture studies. [6] It is an interdisciplinary field and methodology that tells of the relationships between people and their things: the making, history, preservation and interpretation of objects. [ 7 ]
"Considers space, time, and objects alike, to be real in themselves, quite independently from the human perception of them." [ citation needed ] Instead, Kant proposes transcendental idealism as a philosophy that considers the "outer appearances" [ 33 ] of objects as the "spatial-temporal objects of everyday experience – as imperfect shadows ...
David Hume offers in A Treatise of Human Nature (1739) that human beings are naturally social: "'Tis utterly impossible for men to remain any considerable time in that savage condition, which precedes society; but that his very first state and situation may justly be esteem'd social. This, however, hinders not, but that philosophers may, if ...