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Fuel additives in the United States are regulated under section 211 of the Clean Air Act (as amended in January 1995). The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires the registration of all fuel additives which are commercially distributed for use in highway motor vehicles in the United States, [8] and may require testing and ban harmful additives.
Naphthalene's minimum odor threshold is 0.084 ppm for humans. [44] Mothballs and other products containing naphthalene have been banned within the EU since 2008. [45] [46] In China, the use of naphthalene in mothballs is forbidden. [47] Danger to human health and the common use of natural camphor are cited as reasons for the ban.
White gas, exemplified by Coleman Camp Fuel, is a common naphtha-based fuel used in many lanterns and stoves.. The word naphtha comes from Latin through Ancient Greek (νάφθα), derived from Middle Persian naft ("wet", "naphtha"), [3] [4] the latter meaning of which was an assimilation from the Akkadian 𒉌𒆳𒊏 napṭu (see Semitic relatives such as Arabic نَفْط nafṭ ["petroleum ...
Petroleum naphtha is an intermediate hydrocarbon liquid stream derived from the refining of crude oil [1] [2] [3] with CAS-no 64742-48-9. [4] It is most usually desulfurized and then catalytically reformed, which rearranges or restructures the hydrocarbon molecules in the naphtha as well as breaking some of the molecules into smaller molecules to produce a high-octane component of gasoline (or ...
Typical fuels are based on metal or metalloid powders. A flash powder composition may specify multiple different fuels. Some fuels can also serve as binders. Common fuels include: Metals. Aluminium – most common fuel in many classes of mixtures, also a combustion instability suppressant. Less energy per mass than carbon but less gas evolution ...
The terms polyaromatic hydrocarbon, [6] or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon [7] (abbreviated as PNA) are also used for this concept. [8] By definition, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have multiple aromatic rings, precluding benzene from being considered a PAH. Some sources, such as the US EPA and CDC, consider naphthalene to be the simplest ...
The naphthalene tank was enclosed in a water jacket, which was heated to boiling point by engine exhaust. Once the naphthalene liquefied at 80 °C (176 °F), it could be used as a fuel. [1] British patent 26541 [2] awarded to Gaston Paul Jean Lion and Eugène Brillié in 1907, describes a fuel melting system but it differs from that described ...
Fluid catalytic cracking is a commonly used process, and a modern oil refinery will typically include a cat cracker, particularly at refineries in the US, due to the high demand for gasoline. [10] [11] [12] The process was first used around 1942 and employs a powdered catalyst. During WWII, the Allied Forces had plentiful supplies of the ...