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Phenylpropanolamine was first synthesized in the early 20th century, in or around 1910. [21] [11] It was patented as a mydriatic in 1913. [21] The pressor effects of phenylpropanolamine were characterized in the late 1920s and the 1930s. [21] Phenylpropanolamine was first introduced for medical use by the 1930s. [23] [11]
The most frequent side effects include headache, insomnia, sleepiness, parkinsonism (effects similar to Parkinson's disease such as shaking, muscle stiffness and slow movement), dystonia (involuntary muscle contractions), tremor (shaking), dizziness, akathisia (restlessness), agitation, anxiety, depression, increased weight, nausea, vomiting, constipation, dyspepsia (heartburn), diarrhea, dry ...
Blood or plasma verapamil concentrations are usually in a range of 50–500 μg/L in persons on therapy with the drug, but may rise to 1–4 mg/L in acute overdose patients and are often at levels of 5–10 mg/L in fatal poisonings. [32] [33]
The primary application for phentolamine is for the control of hypertensive emergencies, most notably due to pheochromocytoma. [5]It also has usefulness in the treatment of cocaine-induced cardiovascular complications, where one would generally avoid β-blockers (e.g. metoprolol), as they can cause unopposed α-adrenergic mediated coronary vasoconstriction, worsening myocardial ischemia and ...
Fenfluramine is indicated for the treatment of seizures associated with Dravet syndrome and Lennox–Gastaut syndrome in people age two and older. [3] [7] [4]Dravet syndrome is a life-threatening, rare and chronic form of epilepsy. [7]
L-Norpseudoephedrine, or (−)-norpseudoephedrine, is a psychostimulant drug of the amphetamine family. It is one of the four optical isomers of phenylpropanolamine, the other three being cathine ((+)-norpseudoephedrine), (−)-norephedrine, and (+)-norephedrine; as well as one of the two enantiomers of norpseudoephedrine (the other being cathine). [1]
Metaraminol is given intravenously as either a bolus (often 0.5–1 mg doses) or as an infusion, usually via peripheral intravenous access. Metaraminol is commonly available as 10 mg in 1 mL, that requires dilution prior to administration (often made up to a 0.5 mg/mL solution), however pre-prepared syringes of metaraminol for bolus use for ...
In 2008, the cost of etanercept was $1,500 per month or $18,000 per year. [50] By 2011, the cost had exceeded $20,000 per year. [ 51 ] [ 52 ] In 2013, a survey by the International Federation of Health Plans (IFHP) found that the average US cost for etanercept was $2,225 per month, or $26,700 per year. [ 53 ]