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Retinoschisis is an eye disease characterized by the abnormal splitting of the retina's neurosensory layers, usually in the outer plexiform layer.Retinoschisis can be divided into degenerative forms which are very common and almost exclusively involve the peripheral retina and hereditary forms which are rare and involve the central retina and sometimes the peripheral retina.
J E MacVicar et al. describes 2 brothers, product of a consanguineous marriage, who exhibited signs of "idiopathic retinoschisis and early hemeralopia, Goldmann-Favre type" alongside other symptoms such as an angiomatosis-like tumor present in one brother and a lamellar macular hole in the other brother. They also described two unaffected ...
Retinoschisis is another eye disease that has been shown to cause aniseikonia. [3] There is evidence that a lesion appearing in the posterior area of the ventral occipitotemporal visual pathway can cause macropsia. This lesion can be due to an ischemic cell death after an acute posterior cerebral infarction. [12]
When the retina detaches, common symptoms include seeing floaters, flashing lights, a dark shadow in vision, and sudden blurry vision. [1] [3] The most common type of retinal detachment is rhegmatogenous, which occurs when a tear or hole in the retina lets fluid from the center of the eye get behind it, causing the retina to pull away. [6]
The most popular theory behind this association is a separation of the layers of the retina, known as retinoschisis, due to fluid (the vitreous humour) entering the optic pit and traveling between the inner and outer layers of the retina. The outer layer may then subsequently detach. Evidence of retinoschisis has been demonstrated using OCT.
Symptoms of optic neuritis in the affected eye include pain on eye movement, sudden loss of vision, and decrease in color vision (especially reds). Optic neuritis, when combined with the presence of multiple demyelinating white matter brain lesions on MRI, is suspicious for multiple sclerosis .
Retinoschisin also known as X-linked juvenile retinoschisis protein is a lectin [5] [6] that in humans is encoded by the RS1 gene. [7]It is a soluble, cell-surface protein that plays an important role in the maintenance of the retina where it is expressed and secreted by retinal bipolar cells and photoreceptors, [8] [9] as well as in the pineal gland. [10]
Patient sitting straight in front of the examiner, is asked look directly at the examiner's eye during the test. The target eye should be the one directly across from the patient's eye. When the patient's right eye is being tested, closing the other eye, patient is instructed to look directly at the examiners left eye.