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Based on their causes, hypereosinophilias can be sorted into subtypes. However, cases of eosinophilia, which exhibit eosinophil counts between 500 and 1,500/μL, may fit the clinical criteria for, and thus be regarded as falling into, one of these hypereosinophilia categories: the cutoff of 1,500/μL between hypereosinophilia and eosinophilia is somewhat arbitrary.
Eosinopenia is a condition where the number of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, in circulating blood is lower than normal. [1] Eosinophils are a type of granulocyte and consequently from the same cellular lineage as neutrophils, basophils, and mast cells.
A second family with asymptomatic eosinophilia over three generations likewise exhibited increased production of interleukin 5. These studies suggest that the dis-regulated overproduction of interleukin 5 by blood mononuclear cells is an underlying cause of the eosinophilia found in at least some families with this disorder. [6]
But, perhaps the most common cause for eosinophilia is an allergic condition such as asthma. In 1989, contaminated L-tryptophan supplements caused a deadly form of eosinophilia known as eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome , which was reminiscent of the toxic oil syndrome in Spain in 1981.
Clonal hypereosinophilia, also termed primary hypereosinophilia or clonal eosinophilia, is a grouping of hematological disorders all of which are characterized by the development and growth of a pre-malignant or malignant population of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell that occupies the bone marrow, blood, and other tissues.
If the cause is unknown, it is specified and called "simple pulmonary eosinophilia". Cardiac damage caused by the damaging effects of eosinophil granule proteins (e.g. major basic protein) is known as Loeffler endocarditis and can be caused by idiopathic eosinophilia or eosinophilia in response to parasitic infection. [12]
Parasites cause eosinophilic pneumonia in three different ways. Parasites can either invade the lungs, live in the lungs as part of their life cycle, or be spread to the lungs by the bloodstream. Eosinophils then migrate to the lungs in order to fight the parasites, and cause eosinophilic pneumonia when they release their contents.
Human eosinophilic granuloma is characterized by abnormal proliferation of Langerhans cells (LCs). LCs are antigen-presenting cells derived from dendritic cells. In humans, eosinophilic granulomas are considered as a benign tumors that occurs mainly in children and adolescents. EG is a quite rare condition, and its incidence is higher in white ...