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GPA is calculated by using the number of grade points a student earns in a given period of time. A GPA is often calculated for high school, undergraduate, and graduate students. A cumulative grade point average (CGPA) is the average of all the GPAs a student has achieved during their time at the institution. [2]
The top grade, A, is given here for performance that exceeds the mean by more than 1.5 standard deviations, a B for performance between 0.5 and 1.5 standard deviations above the mean, and so on. [17] Regardless of the absolute performance of the students, the best score in the group receives a top grade and the worst score receives a failing grade.
Additionally, most schools calculate a student's grade point average (GPA) by assigning each letter grade a number and averaging those numerical values. Generally, American schools equate an A with a numerical value of 4.0. Most graduate schools require a 3.0 (B) average to take a degree, with C or C− being the lowest grade for course credit.
The average student grade can be obtained by averaging all the grades, without regard to classes (add all the grades up and divide by the total number of students): ¯ = = Or, this can be accomplished by weighting the class means by the number of students in each class.
K–12 (Kindergarten and Basic Education) always uses the Percent Grade, Letter Grade, or both. GWA (general weighted average; similar to GPA) is a representation (often numerical) of the overall scholastic standing of students used for evaluation. GWA is based on the grades in all subjects taken at a particular level including subjects taken ...
The ECTS grade is not meant to replace the local grades but to be used optionally and additionally to effectively "translate" and "transcript" a grade from one institution to another. The ECTS grade is indicated alongside the mark awarded by the host institution on the student's transcript of records. The receiving institutions then convert the ...
On report cards, marks are normally shown as numbers and an average of the two marks associated with the subject will be calculated. [9] For example, if a student achieves A, A− and B+ in a subject, teachers will calculate an average of the three marks (in this case, 85%).
Some other universities, such as the University of Melbourne, University of New South Wales, University of Sydney, and University of Wollongong [68] use a Weighted Average Mark (WAM) for the same purpose as a GPA. The WAM is based on the raw percentage grades, or marks, achieved by the student, rather than grade points such as High Distinction ...