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Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD deficiency or MCADD) is a disorder of fatty acid oxidation that impairs the body's ability to break down medium-chain fatty acids into acetyl-CoA. The disorder is characterized by hypoglycemia and sudden death without timely intervention, most often brought on by periods of fasting or vomiting.
Typically, initial signs and symptoms of this disorder occur during infancy and include low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), lack of energy , and muscle weakness. There is also a high risk of complications such as liver abnormalities and life-threatening heart problems. Symptoms that begin later in childhood, adolescence, or adulthood tend to be ...
Diagnoses are typically made based on newborn screening done from blood obtained using a heel prick at birth. Prior to widespread inclusion of FAO (fatty acid oxidation) disorders in newborn screening tests, diagnosis typically occurred as a result of children presenting for medical attention having hypoglycemic hypoketotic crisis.
The mutation is recessive, and often parents of children who have the deficiency can be diagnosed afterward as carriers. [3] In humans the most common naturally occurring mutation in MCAD is located at amino acid residue Lys-304. [1] The altered residue occurs as a result of a single-point mutation in which the lysine side chain is replaced by ...
Signs and symptoms [ edit ] Because of the enormous number of these diseases and the numerous systems negatively impacted, nearly every "presenting complaint" to a healthcare provider may have a congenital metabolic disease as a possible cause, especially in childhood and adolescence.
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Chromosome 12. SCADD is caused genetically by mutations in the ACADS gene, located on chromosome 12q22-qter. [8] Mutations in the ACADS gene lead to inadequate levels of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which is important for breaking down short-chain fatty acids.