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In his translation work, Friis was notably assisted by people who spoke Northern Sámi as their mother tongue. In 1854, Friis was joined by Hans Jacobsen Hætta, who had been previously jailed in Kristiania following the Sami revolt in Guovdageaidnu. In 1874, their reworked version of Stockfleth's New Testament in Northern Sámi was published. [3]
A 2000 survey by the Sami Language Council showed Kautokeino Municipality and Karasjok Municipality as 96% and 94% Sami-speaking respectively; [9] should those percentages still be true as of the 2022 national population survey, this would result in 2,761 and 2,428 speakers respectively, virtually all of which being speakers of Northern Sámi.
The Sámi languages (/ ˈ s ɑː m i / SAH-mee), [4] also rendered in English as Sami and Saami, are a group of Uralic languages spoken by the Indigenous Sámi peoples in Northern Europe (in parts of northern Finland, Norway, Sweden, and extreme northwestern Russia). There are, depending on the nature and terms of division, ten or more Sami ...
Some words specific to the Arctic environment have been loaned to English, specifically: (archaic) morse ('walrus') ← Sámi morša (via Slavic); and tundra ← Kildin Sámi tūnndra 'to the treeless plain' (via Russian).
The oldest orthography for Northern Sámi in Norway, that of Knud Leem, upholds this tradition. The second tradition goes back to Rasmus Rask's revision of Leem's orthography, as Rask builds on the phonemic principle. North Sámi, Inari Sámi, and Skolt Sámi follow this tradition.
Ipmil means God in the Northern Sámi language. [1]Ipmil has been used by Sámi Christians for God, the creator and ruler of the universe. According to the Christian doctrine of Trinity, Ipmil consists of Áhčči (), Bárdni (Son, Jesus Christ) and Bassi Vuoigŋa (the Holy Spirit).
Nils Joachim Christian Vibe Stockfleth (11 January 1787 in Fredrikstad, Norway – 26 April 1866 in Sandefjord) was a Norwegian cleric who was instrumental in the first development of the written form of the Northern Sámi language.
According to the comparative linguist Ante Aikio, the Sami proto-language developed in South Finland or in Karelia around 2000–2500 years ago, spreading then to northern Fennoscandia. [9] The genetic lineage of the Sami is unique, and may reflect an early history of geographic isolation, genetic drift, and genetic bottle-necking.