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Monell v. Department of Social Services, 436 U.S. 658 (1978), is an opinion given by the United States Supreme Court in which the Court overruled Monroe v. Pape by holding that a local government is a "person" subject to suit under Section 1983 of Title 42 of the United States Code: Civil action for deprivation of rights. [1]
The Administrative Code of the City of New York contains the codified local laws of New York City as enacted by the New York City Council and Mayor. [1] As of February 2023, it contains 37 titles, numbered 1 through 16, 16-A, 16-B, 17 through 20, 20-A, 21, 21-A, and 22 through 33. [2]
New York uses a system called "continuous codification" whereby each session law clearly identifies the law and section of the Consolidated Laws affected by its passage. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Unlike civil law codes , the Consolidated Laws are systematic but neither comprehensive nor preemptive, and reference to other laws and case law is often necessary ...
Whether a municipality is defined as a borough, city, town, or village is determined not by population or land area, but rather on the form of government selected by the residents and approved by the New York State Legislature. [2] [3] [4] Each type of local government is granted specific home rule powers by the New York State Constitution. [5]
The New York City Charter is the municipal charter of New York City. As part of the 1898 consolidation of New York City , the New York State Legislature enacted a charter for the consolidated city (Laws of 1897, chapter 378, effective January 1, 1898). [ 1 ]
Pursuant to the state constitution, the New York State Legislature has enacted legislation, called chapter laws or slip laws when printed separately. [2] [3] [4] The bills and concurrent resolutions proposing amendments to the state or federal constitutions of each legislative session are called session laws and published in the official Laws of New York.
Municipal law is the national, domestic, or internal law of a sovereign state and is defined in opposition to international law. It encompasses the laws enacted by national, state , or local governments and is concerned with regulating the behavior of individuals, corporations, and entities within the country.
The New York State Assembly Legislative session is a cycle that takes place from the first month of the year up until a budget has been published by both houses. According to the New York State Legislative Calendar, session convenes January 9th throughout June 19th. [12]