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A headmaster/headmistress, head teacher, head, school administrator, principal or school director (sometimes another title is used) is the staff member of a school with the greatest responsibility [1] for the management of the school.
The idea put forward that once the standards in those failing schools had improved, a new head teacher could take over. [1] Today however the role and idea of and executive head teacher has expanded, with many staying in place within a system leadership role rather than specific headship roles; working with a number of head teachers. [2]
Initially voluntary, the first group of people were awarded the qualification in July 1998. [2] The legal requirement and qualification became mandatory on 1 April 2004. [ 3 ] Until 8 February 2012, holding the NPQH was a mandatory requirement for all newly appointed English and Welsh school head teachers . [ 4 ]
These additional roles that are found in English secondary schools can lead to senior leadership/administrative teams to be as large as 8–12 people, depending on the school's size and its demographics (e.g., 1-2 Headteacher(s), 2–4 Deputy Headteachers, 3–8 Assistant Headteachers).
A principal teacher (PT) is a promoted post within Scottish state schools who is a member of the school's middle leadership team. The position is not the same as a school principal in other countries; principal teachers usually report to a deputy head teacher within larger schools, or directly to the head teacher in smaller schools.
They are, in effect, the head teacher in the head's absence, or in some cases serve as the head teacher of a school being overseen by an executive head teacher. In many schools, deputy head teachers still retain some teaching responsibility, but in most, their duties are increasingly managerial and pastoral.
The role of the governing body is to provide strategic management, and to act as a "critical friend", supporting the work of the headteacher and other staff. Schools generally have a delegated budget to cover salaries, running costs, maintenance and equipment; the governing body is responsible for managing this budget.
The union was founded in 1897 as the National Federation of Head Teachers' Associations. [1] In 1906, it became the National Association of Head Teachers, from the initials of which its current name derives. [2] The union's membership grew from just over 1,000 in 1898 to 10,000 in 1947, and 20,000 by the 1980s.