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Time-keeping on this clock uses arithmetic modulo 12. Adding 4 hours to 9 o'clock gives 1 o'clock, since 13 is congruent to 1 modulo 12. In mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers "wrap around" when reaching a certain value, called the modulus.
In computing, the modulo operation returns the remainder or signed remainder of a division, after one number is divided by another, called the modulus of the operation.. Given two positive numbers a and n, a modulo n (often abbreviated as a mod n) is the remainder of the Euclidean division of a by n, where a is the dividend and n is the divisor.
In modular arithmetic, the integers coprime (relatively prime) to n from the set {,, …,} of n non-negative integers form a group under multiplication modulo n, called the multiplicative group of integers modulo n.
In mathematics, in the field of algebraic number theory, a modulus (plural moduli) (or cycle, [1] or extended ideal [2]) is a formal product of places of a global field (i.e. an algebraic number field or a global function field). It is used to encode ramification data for abelian extensions of a global field.
Modulo is a mathematical jargon that was introduced into mathematics in the book Disquisitiones Arithmeticae by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1801. [3] Given the integers a, b and n, the expression "a ≡ b (mod n)", pronounced "a is congruent to b modulo n", means that a − b is an integer multiple of n, or equivalently, a and b both share the same remainder when divided by n.
The congruence relation, modulo m, partitions the set of integers into m congruence classes. Operations of addition and multiplication can be defined on these m objects in the following way: To either add or multiply two congruence classes, first pick a representative (in any way) from each class, then perform the usual operation for integers on the two representatives and finally take the ...
Every number in a reduced residue system modulo n is a generator for the additive group of integers modulo n. A reduced residue system modulo n is a group under multiplication modulo n. If {r 1, r 2, ... , r φ(n)} is a reduced residue system modulo n with n > 2, then .
The number 3 is a primitive root modulo 7 [5] because = = = = = = = = = = = = (). Here we see that the period of 3 k modulo 7 is 6. The remainders in the period, which are 3, 2, 6, 4, 5, 1, form a rearrangement of all nonzero remainders modulo 7, implying that 3 is indeed a primitive root modulo 7.