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The effects of childhood trauma on brain development can hinder emotional regulation and impair of social skill [7] development. Research indicates that children raised in traumatic or risky family environments often display excessive internalizing (e.g., social withdrawal, anxiety) or externalizing (e.g., aggressive behavior), and suicidal ...
One is birth order and age spacing. A study found that first-born children were more likely to be sibling abuse offenders. [67] [22] Imitating an older sibling's aggressive behavior, [68] [22] being given the task of sibling caretaking, [62] [22] and close age spacing [69] [70] [22] were also found to be closely associated with sibling abuse.
Separation anxiety is a natural part of the developmental process. It is most common in infants and little children, typically between the ages of six to seven months to three years, although it may pathologically manifest itself in older children, adolescents and adults.
Middle child syndrome is the idea that the middle children of a family, those born in between siblings, are treated or seen differently by their parents from the rest of their siblings. The theory believes that the particular birth order of siblings affects children's character and development process because parents focus more on the first and ...
Older kids, on average, have slightly higher IQs than their younger siblings, do better in school, and tend to earn more money as adults, as abundant research has shown.
Children that are a product of dysfunctional families, either at the time or as they grow older, may exhibit behavior that is inappropriate for their expected stage of development due to psychological distress. [10] Children of dysfunctional families may also behave in a manner that is relatively immature when compared to their peers.
Scientific evidence is mounting that such adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a profound long-term effect on health. Research shows that exposure to abuse and to serious forms of family dysfunction in the childhood family environment are likely to activate the stress response, thus potentially disrupting the developing nervous, immune ...