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The Khilafat movement (1919–22) was a political campaign launched by Indian Muslims in British India over British policy against Turkey and the planned dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire after World War I by Allied forces.
The Khilafat Movement (1919–1924) [40] was a Pan-Islamist [40] political movement in British India in the aftermath of World War I. [40] [41] Khilafat activists sought to salvage the Ottoman caliph as a uniting symbol of Islam, [40] [41] particularly in India, attempting to pressure the British government to preserve the caliph's authority ...
While in Istanbul self-determination and protection of the Ottoman Empire were voiced, the Khilafat Movement in India tried to influence the British government to protect the caliphate of the Ottoman Empire, and though it was primarily a Muslim religious movement, the Khilafat struggle was becoming a part of the wider Indian independence movement.
The Treaty of Sèvres (French: Traité de Sèvres) was a 1920 treaty signed between some of the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire, but not ratified.The treaty would have required the cession of large parts of Ottoman territory to France, the United Kingdom, Greece and Italy, as well as creating large occupation zones within the Ottoman Empire.
The members were constantly informed about the Khilafat Movement which tried to protect the position of caliphate. However, the new Ottoman parliament deputies elected after the armistice met on 28 January 1920 and published their decisions of independence (Misak-ı Milli (National Oath)) on 12 February 1920.
The potential abolition of the caliphate had been actively opposed by the Indian-based Khilafat Movement, [1] and generated heated debate throughout the Muslim world. [4] The 1924 abolition came about less than 18 months after the abolition of the Ottoman sultanate, prior to which the Ottoman sultan was ex officio caliph.
Nationalist movement become prominent during this Ottoman period, but it has to be mentioned that this was among Arab nobles and common Arabs considered themselves loyal subjects of the Caliph. [ 24 ] : 229 Instead of Ottoman Caliph, the British, for their part, incited the Sharif of Mecca to launch the Arab Revolt during the First World War.
The Turkish national movement, led by Mustafa Kemal, established the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in Ankara on 23 April 1920. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey waged the Turkish War of Independence. The war was against the monarchist Istanbul government. [3] Sultan Mehmed VI was the Caliph.