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Origin of life.Exactly how, where, and when did life on Earth originate? Which, if any, of the many hypotheses is correct? What were the metabolic pathways used by the earliest life forms?
Molecular Biology of the Cell (6th ed.). Garland. ISBN 978-0815344322. Archived from the original on 2014-07-14; The fourth edition is freely available Archived 2009-10-11 at the Wayback Machine from National Center for Biotechnology Information Bookshelf. Lodish, Harvey; et al. (2004). Molecular Cell Biology (5th ed.). New York: WH Freeman.
Edward Hitchcock's fold-out paleontological chart in his 1840 Elementary Geology. Although tree-like diagrams have long been used to organise knowledge, and although branching diagrams known as claves ("keys") were omnipresent in eighteenth-century natural history, it appears that the earliest tree diagram of natural order was the 1801 "Arbre botanique" (Botanical Tree) of the French ...
[15] [11] Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection in which some individuals out-reproduce others of a population because they are better at securing mates for sexual reproduction. [ 16 ] [ failed verification ] [ 17 ] It has been described as "a powerful evolutionary force that does not exist in asexual populations".
Development of the human body is the process of growth to maturity.The process begins with fertilization, where an egg released from the ovary of a female is penetrated by a sperm cell from a male.
The history of life on Earth traces the processes by which living and extinct organisms evolved, from the earliest emergence of life to the present day. Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago (abbreviated as Ga, for gigaannum) and evidence suggests that life emerged prior to 3.7 Ga. [1] [2] [3] The similarities among all known present-day species indicate that they have diverged through the ...
[11]: 165 This is a horseshoe-shaped area near to the head of the embryo. By day 19, following cell signalling , two strands begin to form as tubes in this region, as a lumen develops within them. These two endocardial tubes grow and by day 21 have migrated towards each other and fused to form a single primitive heart tube, the tubular heart .
This is the simplistic DNA → RNA → protein pathway published by James Watson in the first edition of The Molecular Biology of the Gene (1965). Watson's version differs from Crick's because Watson describes a two-step (DNA → RNA and RNA → protein) process as the central dogma. [ 7 ]