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Individuals (instances) are the basic, "ground level" components of an ontology. The individuals in an ontology may include concrete objects such as people, animals, tables, automobiles, molecules, and planets, as well as abstract individuals such as numbers and words (although there are differences of opinion as to whether numbers and words are classes or individuals).
Applied ontology is particularly relevant to information and computer science, which develop conceptual frameworks of limited domains. These frameworks facilitate the structured storage of information, such as in a college database tracking academic activities. Ontology is also pertinent to the fields of logic, theology, and anthropology.
From 1970 to 1973 Smith studied Mathematics and Philosophy at the University of Oxford, where he fell particularly under the influence of Michael Dummett.The accidental discovery on the shelves of the Bodleian Library of the book Time and Modes of Being [2] by Roman Ingarden, a Polish student of Edmund Husserl, initiated his interest in the possibilities of an ontological approach to ...
Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) is a top-level ontology developed by Barry Smith and his associates for the purposes of promoting interoperability among domain ontologies built in its terms through a process of downward population. A guide to building BFO-conformant domain ontologies was published by MIT Press in 2015.
In addition, FAO provides web services of geopolitical ontology and a module maker to download modules of the geopolitical ontology into different formats (RDF, XML, and EXCEL). See more information at FAO Country Profiles. GAO (General Automotive Ontology) – an ontology for the automotive industry that includes 'car' extensions [51]
The Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] is an ontological framework developed in the early 2000s with the objective of providing foundational support for conceptual modeling. It synthesizes elements from formal ontology , cognitive science , linguistics , and philosophical logic to inform the structure and semantics of conceptual ...
Such a core ontology is a key pre-requisite to a more complete foundation ontology, or a more general philosophical sense of ontology. Most applicable to teaching , e.g. the Longmans defining dictionary of the simplest meanings of 2,000 English words is used to define the 4,000 most basic English idioms —this is a core glossary of the English ...
In ontology, the theory of categories concerns itself with the categories of being: the highest genera or kinds of entities. [1] To investigate the categories of being, or simply categories, is to determine the most fundamental and the broadest classes of entities. [2]