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Chlorate is the common name of the ClO − 3 anion, whose chlorine atom is in the +5 oxidation state.The term can also refer to chemical compounds containing this anion, with chlorates being the salts of chloric acid.
A chloroanion is an anion that contains an element and chlorine atoms. They are also known as complex chlorides. They can occur in salts, or in solution, but not as pure acids. They mostly can be considered as chlorometallates [1] which are a subclass of halometallates.
When a salt of a metal ion, with the generic formula MX n, is dissolved in water, it will dissociate into a cation and anions. [citation needed]+ + (aq) signifies that the ion is aquated, with cations having a chemical formula [M(H 2 O) p] q+ and anions whose state of aquation is generally unknown.
Ions consisting of only a single atom are termed atomic or monatomic ions, while two or more atoms form molecular ions or polyatomic ions. In the case of physical ionization in a fluid (gas or liquid), "ion pairs" are created by spontaneous molecule collisions, where each generated pair consists of a free electron and a positive ion. [ 5 ]
In chemistry, hydronium (hydroxonium in traditional British English) is the cation [H 3 O] +, also written as H 3 O +, the type of oxonium ion produced by protonation of water.It is often viewed as the positive ion present when an Arrhenius acid is dissolved in water, as Arrhenius acid molecules in solution give up a proton (a positive hydrogen ion, H +) to the surrounding water molecules (H 2 O).
An example is table salt, which is sodium chloride with the chemical formula NaCl. In water, it dissociates into Na + and Cl − ions. Salts such as calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride have varied uses ranging from medical treatments to cement formation. [4]
The standard Gibbs free energy of formation (G f °) of a compound is the change of Gibbs free energy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 1 bar of pressure and the specified temperature, usually 298.15 K or 25 °C).
The chlorate must be dissolved in boiling water and the acid should be somewhat diluted in water and heated before mixing. Another method which can be used to produce solutions up to 10% concentration is by the use of cation exchange resins and a soluble salt such as NaClO 3 , where the Na+ cation will exchange with H+.