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Verse 1 sets the time of Daniel's vision as the "first year of Darius son of Ahasuerus, by birth a Mede", [20] but no Darius is known to history, nor can any king of Babylon be placed chronologically between the known historical figures of Belshazzar and Cyrus. [1]
However, once Cyrus had crossed the Aras River, he had a vision in which Darius had wings atop his shoulders and stood upon the confines of Europe and Asia (the known world). When Cyrus awoke from the dream, he inferred it as a great danger to the future security of the empire, as it meant that Darius would one day rule the whole world.
In 1957, Wiseman proposed the identification of Darius the Mede in the Book of Daniel with Cyrus the Great. [12] Daniel 6:28 says "So this Daniel prospered during the reign of Darius and the reign of Cyrus the Persian" . This could also be translated, "So Daniel prospered during the reign of Darius, that is, the reign of Cyrus the Persian."
The seventy weeks prophecy is internally dated to "the first year of Darius son of Ahasuerus, by birth a Mede" (Daniel 9:1), [34] later referred to in the Book of Daniel as "Darius the Mede" (e.g. Daniel 11:1); [35] however, no such ruler is known to history and the widespread consensus among critical scholars is that he is a literary fiction. [36]
In Lange's commentary, Otto Zöckler named Gesenius, Hengestenberg, and other more recent writers who equated Cyaxares II with Daniel's Darius the Mede. [9] These commentaries noted similarities between Cyaxares II as portrayed by Xenophon and what may be inferred about Darius the Mede from the sparse statements about him in the Book of Daniel.
King Astyages commands Harpagus to take the infant Cyrus and slay him, tapestry by Jan Moy (1535-1550). Astyages's dream (France, 15th century) The account given by the ancient Greek historian Herodotus relates that Astyages had a dream in which his daughter, Mandane, gave birth to a son who would destroy his empire.
Old Testament scholar Robert Dick Wilson argued that Darius the Mede might be identified as Gobryas, drawing upon the work of Theophilus Pinches. [2] George Frederick Wright championed the view of Wilson in his Scientific Confirmation of Old Testament History .
Drawing of the damaged Shaluf Stela Fragment of the Shaluf Stela, Louvre Museum.. The Suez inscriptions of Darius the Great were texts written in Old Persian, Elamite, Babylonian and Egyptian on five monuments erected in Wadi Tumilat, commemorating the opening of the "Canal of the Pharaohs" between the Nile and the Bitter Lakes.