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Roman mosaic from Dougga, Tunisia (2nd/3rd century AD): Two large slaves carrying wine jars each wear an amulet against the evil eye on a necklace, with one in a loincloth (left) and the other in an exomis; [1] the young slave to the left carries water and towels, and the one on the right a bough and a basket of flowers.
To varying degrees throughout Roman history, the existence of a pool of inexpensive labor in the form of slaves was an important factor in the economy.Slaves were acquired for the Roman workforce through a variety of means, including purchase from foreign merchants and the enslavement of foreign populations through military conquest. [1]
Some documented examples of damnatio ad bestias in Ancient Rome include the following: Strabo witnessed [14] the execution of the rebel slaves' leader Selurus. [15] [11] The bandit Laureolus was crucified and then devoured by an eagle and a bear, as described by the poet Martial in his Book of Spectacles.
The Roman historian Tacitus records that the city of Rome had a specific place for carrying out executions, situated outside the Esquiline Gate, [70] and had a specific area reserved for the execution of slaves by crucifixion. [71]
Spartacus [a] (/ ˈ s p ɑːr t ə k ə s /; c. 103–71 BC) was a Thracian gladiator who was one of the escaped slave leaders in the Third Servile War, a major slave uprising against the Roman Republic.
The site of the Tarpeian Rock as it appeared in 2008 A 19th-century etching of the Tarpeian Rock. The Rock of Tarpeia (/ t ɑːr ˈ p iː ə n /; Latin: Rupes Tarpeia or Saxum Tarpeium; Italian: Rupe Tarpea) is a steep cliff on the south side of the Capitoline Hill that was used in Ancient Rome as a site of execution.
Publius Vedius Pollio, the son of a freedman, was born in the 1st century BC and attained membership of the equestrian order. [2] [3]Vedius Pollio's first certain appearance in historical sources comes after Octavian (later Augustus) became sole ruler of the Roman world in 31 BC; at some point Vedius held authority in the province of Asia on behalf of the emperor. [4]
Decimation. Etching by William Hogarth in Beaver's Roman Military Punishments (1725). In the military of ancient Rome, decimation (from Latin decimatio 'removal of a tenth' [1]) was a form of military discipline in which every tenth man in a group was executed by members of his cohort.