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A nickel–metal hydride battery (NiMH or Ni–MH) is a type of rechargeable battery. The chemical reaction at the positive electrode is similar to that of the nickel–cadmium cell (NiCd), with both using nickel oxide hydroxide (NiOOH). However, the negative electrodes use a hydrogen-absorbing alloy instead of cadmium.
The cut-off voltage is different from one battery to the other and it is highly dependent on the type of battery and the kind of service in which the battery is used. When testing the capacity of a NiMH or NiCd battery a cut-off voltage of 1.0 V per cell is normally used, whereas 0.9 V is normally used as the cut-off voltage of an alkaline cell ...
Under certain conditions, some battery chemistries are at risk of thermal runaway, leading to cell rupture or combustion.As thermal runaway is determined not only by cell chemistry but also cell size, cell design and charge, only the worst-case values are reflected here.
A nickel–hydrogen battery (NiH 2 or Ni–H 2) is a rechargeable electrochemical power source based on nickel and hydrogen. [5] It differs from a nickel–metal hydride (NiMH) battery by the use of hydrogen in gaseous form, stored in a pressurized cell at up to 1200 psi (82.7 bar) pressure. [6]
An intelligent charger may monitor the battery's voltage, temperature or charge time to determine the optimum charge current or terminate charging. For Ni–Cd and Ni–MH batteries , the voltage of the battery increases slowly during the charging process, until the battery is fully charged.
Nickel–zinc batteries have a charge–discharge curve similar to 1.2 V NiCd or NiMH cells, but with a higher 1.6 V nominal voltage. [5]Nickel–zinc batteries perform well in high-drain applications, and may have the potential to replace lead–acid batteries because of their higher energy-to-mass ratio and higher power-to-mass ratio – as little as 25% of the mass for the same power. [6]
A rechargeable battery, storage battery, or secondary cell (formally a type of energy accumulator), is a type of electrical battery which can be charged, discharged into a load, and recharged many times, as opposed to a disposable or primary battery, which is supplied fully charged and discarded after use.
Example charging graph. On the left: per-cell quantities. On the right: example values for a 40 Ah, 6-cell (12 V) battery. Note: schematic illustration; not based on actual measurements. IUoU is a DIN-designation [1] (DIN 41773) for a lead-acid battery charging procedure that is also known as 3-stage charging, 3-phase charging, or 3-step charging.